Cronobacter Support
03-20-2009, 12:19 PM
Imaging Studies
Imaging studies are an important part of the investigation and management of Enterobacter infections. Specific studies are chosen based on the organ or systems involved in the infectious process.
For chest infections, serial chest radiography, chest ultrasonography, and CT scanning are useful when pulmonary abscesses, pleural or pericardial effusions, empyema, and/or mediastinitis is a concern.
Intra-abdominal infections may require CT scanning and ultrasonography.
Endocarditis and intravascular infections may require echocardiography, preferably transesophageal. In some situations, nuclear indium scanning may be helpful.
UTIs may require renal ultrasonography. Occasionally, CT scanning and pyelography (ie, intravenous or retrograde) are useful.
Central nervous system and ophthalmic infections may require CT scanning and/or MRI.
Bone and joint infections may require plain radiography. CT scanning and/or MRI studies are helpful in selected cases of soft-tissue infections, osteomyelitis, and septic arthritis. Nuclear medicine studies, bone and gallium scans in particular, are frequently a useful complement to plain radiography. Findings from indium scans or other types of marked white blood cell scans are somewhat more specific for the diagnosis of deep infections than gallium scan findings, although they may be less sensitive.
New technologies such as positron emission tomography (PET) scans may be indicated in very selective cases, particularly for differentiation of neoplasia and infection.
Procedures
Procedures indicated for various Enterobacter infections may include the following:
Removal of central venous catheters within 72 hours of gram-negative bacilli infections (This has been shown to lower the risk of relapse.)
Surgical or percutaneous drainage of infected collections
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) for biliary obstruction
Lumbar puncture for evaluation of CNS infections
Soft-tissue or bone needle biopsy
Histologic Findings
Along with signs of infection (leukocytic infiltration), histology should reveal the presence of bacterial rods.
Continued post from emedicine.medscape.com/article/216845-diagnosis
Imaging studies are an important part of the investigation and management of Enterobacter infections. Specific studies are chosen based on the organ or systems involved in the infectious process.
For chest infections, serial chest radiography, chest ultrasonography, and CT scanning are useful when pulmonary abscesses, pleural or pericardial effusions, empyema, and/or mediastinitis is a concern.
Intra-abdominal infections may require CT scanning and ultrasonography.
Endocarditis and intravascular infections may require echocardiography, preferably transesophageal. In some situations, nuclear indium scanning may be helpful.
UTIs may require renal ultrasonography. Occasionally, CT scanning and pyelography (ie, intravenous or retrograde) are useful.
Central nervous system and ophthalmic infections may require CT scanning and/or MRI.
Bone and joint infections may require plain radiography. CT scanning and/or MRI studies are helpful in selected cases of soft-tissue infections, osteomyelitis, and septic arthritis. Nuclear medicine studies, bone and gallium scans in particular, are frequently a useful complement to plain radiography. Findings from indium scans or other types of marked white blood cell scans are somewhat more specific for the diagnosis of deep infections than gallium scan findings, although they may be less sensitive.
New technologies such as positron emission tomography (PET) scans may be indicated in very selective cases, particularly for differentiation of neoplasia and infection.
Procedures
Procedures indicated for various Enterobacter infections may include the following:
Removal of central venous catheters within 72 hours of gram-negative bacilli infections (This has been shown to lower the risk of relapse.)
Surgical or percutaneous drainage of infected collections
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) for biliary obstruction
Lumbar puncture for evaluation of CNS infections
Soft-tissue or bone needle biopsy
Histologic Findings
Along with signs of infection (leukocytic infiltration), histology should reveal the presence of bacterial rods.
Continued post from emedicine.medscape.com/article/216845-diagnosis